Nursing Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Students - Essay Example The title could do a little revision though to make it appear scholarly. In its abstract, it has identified a total sample population of n=197 whereby only 6% creates the sample size. The sample is too small to reflect the subject population thereby the confidence level is heighten too actively. The chances of error are so remote here. But it has been noted that in determining a sample size for a given level of accuracy, the worst case of 50% should be used. Type of sampling employed and how the respondents were selected among the school's total population of 424 undergraduate students was derived. Such information vital to the methods used in the analysis of data was not identified in the abstract nor in its methodology. Kidder relates that, "a critical portion of a research study is the portion on the instruments used to gather data". Validity of the conclusion derived out of the statistical instruments depends greatly on its characteristics. Therefore the questionnaire used as the main tool in this research should be attached in the bibliography subject to further studies and referencing. Reliability which refers to the extent of an instrument's consistency should be able to elicit the same response when applied to respondents. Since such document is not identified nor presented in this article, its validity and reliability cannot be substantiated and investigated. Over-all evaluation of the instrument cannot be conducted at this moment. The quantitative results of data gathered does not clearly correlate with the problem encountered and stated in the sense that it has focused on the end result of treatment intervention as its instrumentation rather than on the smoking patterns and behavior itself and the possible effects of implementing a certain kind of treatment intervention. Works Cited Kidder, Louise H.1981). "Research Methods in Social Relations.". New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston. Works Cited Marx,Karl. "Capitalism and Alienation" 2004.Faculty.fostburg. edu. 07 Mar,

Analysis Of Constructed Stereotypes In Skin English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Constructed Stereotypes In Skin English Literature Essay Having done extensive research on the biography of the author, Naomi Iizuka, one can conclude that the availability of written scholarly documentation about her life and work is sparse. The author is a recent voice in the world of the American playwright; she attained her MFA degree in Playwriting in 1992, at the age of 27.  [1]  Naomi Iizukas family background sheds an interesting light on the politics of a multi cultural society, which is accordingly represented in SKIN. Her mother is an American of Spanish descent and Naomis father a Japanese banker. She studied Classics and Literature at Yale University and she received her MFA degree from the University of California San Diego. Naomi Iizuka is part of the legacy of American writers of the 1990s who are primarily looking to write on experiences of a multi-ethnic, poly-sexual, multi-class and intergenerational society (Krasner 2005, p. 549). According to Berson, Naomi Iizuka is fascinated by the subterranean worlds of renegades like the homeless kids in Polaroid Stories or by outcasts like Jones in SKIN or by vagabond characters in Tattoo Girl (Berson 1998, p.1). Theatre needs to surprises her, such as plays that are not strictly realistic and filled with mythical elements that allow to reappraise the relationship with reality. Naomis writing style in the Berson article is described as one that matches a furious emotional intense with a floating lyricism, vivid grunginess and acerbic humor(Berson 1998, p.1). Iizuka found her inspiration for SKIN in the surrounding of San Diego at the end of the twentieth century. The environment offers a mix of a desert town, a Navy town and a border town (Chambers 2002, p. 55). The play focuses on two protagonist characters, Jones and Mary. Jones is a young man who works in a factory and Mary is Joness disloyal lover and the mother of their child. They desperately attempt to make sense of and try to transcend the suffocating environment in which they live. The constant opposition between the isolation of Mary and Jones and the crowded suburban sprawl, reflect a tragic setting. Being confronted with their limited opportunities and the inhibiting effects urban life and poverty, Jones and Mary find refuge in drugs, alcohol, violence and sex. Through different scenes the hopeless situation is vividly described. The play is very strong in transferring an unspoken, not explicit but overwhelming sense that the inhabitants of the town are surrounded and controlled. They feel oppressed, living in a totalitarian social system which exerts silencing, control and alienation. SKIN is a tragic play and ends with Jones stabbing Mary to death. SKIN focuses to a large extent on the figure of Jones who is suffering as an individual in this totalitarian society. Since Jones is of mixed descent it is possible to analyze the play based on collective racial stereotypes. Borderlands and Stereotypes When reading the play SKIN, the reader is bound by the existing stereotypes related to race, ethnicity and gender. The aim of this paper is to analyze the stereotypes which correlate with white American authority, with people from Chicano ethnical background and with troublesome interracial relations. Although the play makes no clear indications of location, there are several indications that the scene is geographically set near the U.S. Mexican border. Gloria Anzaldà ºa describes in her book Borderlands, La Frontera the notion of a borderland as a vague and undetermined place where los atravesados like, among other denominations, the mongrel, the mulato or the half-breed live (Anzaldà ºa 2007, p. 25). SKIN is a contemporary play which portrays the concept of white superiority using the stereotype, the collective image, of American political and cultural domination in a crowded suburban environment. The white American ruler is presented though the presence of Police enforcers and military Navy men and they comply with the image of the oppressor, specifically oppressing Jones. Anzaldà ºa describes how the Border Patrol hide behind buildings, like a local McDonalds, and act like hunters with powerful night vision devices (Anzaldà ºa 2007 p.33-34). This is reflected in the second scene of the play SKIN, where the Police are described as sly and invisible in their black and white machine (Iizuka 2000, p. 164). Jones is the main protagonist in the narrative, and he is most probably a half-breed. He does not have a Latino name, his full name is Sean Jones and he has a Social Security number which makes him legal U.S. resident (Iizuka 2000, p. 165). Jones most likely has a white American mother; he refers to her death in scene twenty eight when she died [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] she looked like a white, plastic doll. (Iizuka 2000, p. 194) Since Jones is of mixed race he is confronted with an internal strife of multiple personalities, making him insecure an indecisive (Anzaldà ºa 2007, p.99-100). He is not part of the dominant white American culture and he does not fully belong to the Latino society. Jones difficult position can be proved by different scenes. He is, in multiple scenes, harassed by the Police, treated aggressively by the Navy men and he is explicitly subdued in his relation with the Manager. Angel however, does not accept Jones as a full Latino member. In scene 28 Angel is very explicit, he shouts to Jones man, shut up. you dont know me [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] you dont see me every day. you dont know how I live my life so shut the fuck up. (Iizuka 2000, p. 194). SKIN introduces stereotypes that can be linked to the theory of the Mexican philosopher Josà © Vasconcelos. His philosophy in opposition to the racial purity policy that white America practices, his theory is about inclusivity, a mixture of races (Anzaldà ºa 2007, p. 99). This is hinted in the person of Marys girl. Whereas in every adult scene there is a fierce metaphorical use of the opposition between black and white, where black is mostly related to silence, closing of the eyes, the vastness and invisibility of the desert at night and very important the colors used to describe the Police car. It is Marys girl who is able to project a multi-color world. A good example is available in scene fourteen when Marys girl speaks: when I close my eyes, I see red and purple an orange and yellow and blue. I see so many colors moving and sparkly like lights at night. (Iizuka 2000, p. 183). Iizuka uses many images to highlight that the individual is controlled, isolated and alienated from the social environment. Although Jones and Mary are legal U.S. residents, they are not portrayed as legitimate inhabitants. They are constantly being controlled by an authority like the Police or the Navy. Whenever the Police are introduced into the scenes they are represented as if they were constantly nearby and waiting. Scene nineteen provides a good illustration: and then the Police slide out of the dark like they have been forever there, invisible, waiting for a sign. (Iizuka 2000, p.187). Skin Color and the Construction of Stereotypes The play contains several stereotypes related to racial discrimination and white supremacy. Jones is being racially fixated by the white authority. It is already in the second scene that, without any obvious reason, the police is requesting to see some form of identification from Jones. The police is very provocative towards Jones. The same approach and the more elaborated construction of the negative characteristics related to Mexican stereotyping can be experienced in scene ten. In this scene, the manager has a general image of Jones and his people which comes down to this: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] thats the thing with you people, you think you can screw around, make babies [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦], you seem to think taxpayers like myself are going to bail you out and support you and yours forever. (Iizuka 2000, p.179). Referring to Bhabhas concept of ambivalence of the stereotype of the other, otherness is at once an object of derision and at once an object of desire (Bhabha 1994, p. 67). There is only one instance in the play where this important aspect of ambivalence in stereotypical identity can be found. In scene eleven the cholo, which is a denomination for a Mexican person from mixed descent, is crystallizing the element of desire. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and the skin on his back is brown [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] he is a handsome young god, and the crowd moves up close to him [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] hungry for something they do not know [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Iizuka 2000, p. 181) this elaboration portrays the beauty of the dark skin and it emphasizes Bhabhas notion of ambivalence. More specifically, it is the dark color of the skin that at once activates fixity and fantasy, mastery and pleasure, and thus plays a contradictory role in the ideological construction of otherness (Bhabha 1994, p. 66-78). The essay written by Bhabha, The Other Question, highlights two other important aspects of racial differentiation by skin color. The first one is related to the economic supremacy of white people and the visibility of skin as reinforcing the crucial recognition of difference (Bhabha 1994, p.79). Richness and whiteness are inversely described by the poverty of Jones. In scene nine Jones describes his inability to make lots of money: its hard, mary. I dont know how people make it. I dont know the secret. here its not much of anything. (Iizuka 2000, p. 179). The image of Joness low hierarchical position is strengthened by the subsequent scene ten where he performs a basic job feeding a machine and the Manager is supervising him. It is salient in this play that the dominant, white American, group is nameless. Iizuka decided not to give names to the people in a hierarchical superior position. They are called Police Man, Navy Man, Manager, Man or Employee. The reader gets the impression that these unnamed people can all be categorized in one dominant group with the same oppressive acts towards Jones. This singularity allows to bridge the racial discussion to the definition of ethnicity minus one as proposed in the essay who is Ethnic? by Werner Sollors. Meaning that ethnicity is universal and ethnicity minus one excludes the dominant group. In the play SKIN, the dominant group is obviously white and wealthy America. Throughout the play all the white actors behave similarly, they are oppressive and aggressive towards Jones and hence affirm their white dominant identity (Sollors 1995, p. 22). Scene thirty two I wanted to peel off my skin, and fold it up, and put it in a box. I wanted to disappear (Iizuka 2000, p.198). The way Jones narrates about skin, he confirms the importance of whiteness of skin in the American society. This emphasizes that the visibility of skin reinforces the recognition of difference and hence acts as a signifier of discrimination (Bhabha 1994, p.79). Furthermore Bhabhas essay explains that the stereotypes attributed with skin color remain a sign of cultural and political inferiority (Bhabha 1994, p.80). This reasoning is omnipresent in the play. In SKIN, Naomi Iizuka is able to reflect the longevity or fixity aspect of stereotypes. Since government has institutionalized its Civilizing Mission during the colonial period, the racial stereotypical discourse has become prejudicial and discriminatory (Bhabha 1994, p. 83). By implementing strategies of hierarchization and marginalization, colonial societies could be managed. What Bhabha is putting forward in the essay, is that knowledge on the ethnic group and the stereotypical generalization make the consideration of discriminatory and authoritarian forms of political control appropriate. The same concept can be found in SKIN. It are the Police and the Navy Men that are always present to provide surveillance and discipline through violent and oppressive harassment, and thus wield political control over the non-white and marginal community. Additional imagery to emphasize American, and white, superiority is portrayed in scene twenty six when Jones is looking to buy a weapon in the Gun Mart store. The Employee describes the gun as follow: [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] u.s. made. superior craftsmanship. feel. see. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] or the description of the knife [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] made in germany. superior craftsmanship. cuts through anything. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Iizuka 2000, p.192). Conclusion SKIN, proves to be a complex and layered play in terms of prevalent stereotypes. A superficial reading at first would make the reader conclude that Jones is a Latino living in a bordertown. However, when analyzing the different hints in the play, the reader comes to the notion that Jones is a mulato. Based on Gloria Anzaldà ºas analysis and representation of the mulato living near the U.S. Mexican international border, Joness is isolated between two colliding cultures which confuse his identity. SKIN emphasizes the harsh and hopeless life in the borderland. Naomi Iizuka exposes the reader to the oppressive and dominant approach of white America towards Jones. Through a polarized version of racial stereotyping, the play allows to apply the analytical concepts of ambivalence and fixity from Bhabhas essay The Other Question. Naomi Iizuka confirms through the character of Jones, who is isolated and living in a controlled environment, that racial prejudices and determination by the end of the nineties remained unchangeable. Nevertheless by introducing Marys daughter, who is able to see a colored world instead of a purely black and white one, Naomi projects her hope that future generations can disengage from the dominant, white and racial pure American culture and create an inclusive multi-cultural society.

Holocaust :: essays research papers

This is a story of how a young boy and his family lived through the holocaust. It begins in a town called Transylvania. The young boy was Elizer Weisel, one of four children and the only son. Elie was very spiritual, in which he wanted to find a master in Sighet to instruct him in the Zohar (the cabbalistic books, the secrets of Jewish mysticism). Moshe the Beadle was a poor man of the town that lived humbly. He was the one that would begin teaching Elie the Zohar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But one day, Moshe the Beadle, was expelled from Signet by the Hungarian police. He and others were crammed into box cars on a train. Several months had passed when Moshe the Beadle was spotted sitting in a bench in town. He began to tell his story of the terror he encountered. They were taken to a Polish territory where the Gestapo was in charge. They climbed into trucks and were driven into a forest where they dug their own graves. Then the Gestapo began firing at the Jews and throwing babies in the air as flying targets. Moshe was shot in the leg and pretended to be dead. Moshe began to make the journey home telling the horror that he experienced. No one could believe such an unimaginable story. The people just simply thought that he had gone mad. He begged people to believe his story but no one would.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elie’s family listened to the London radio every evening. It was at the end of 1942 life had returned to normal. Bu the spring of 1944 all the Jews of Sighet were convinced that Germany’s defeat was near and they were all safe from harm. They even doubted Hitler wanted to exterminate them. But one day, they heard that German troops had entered Hungarian territory which brought on some anxiety. Then they moved on to Budapest where the Jews there were living in fear and terror. The Jews of Signet convinced themselves that the Germans would not move any further. But three days later German army cars had appeared in the streets. The officers were put up in private homes even some Jewish homes. Their first impressions of the Germans were mostly reassuring. They were calm, likeable, polite and sympathetic. The synagogues were closed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The week of Passover they gathered at private houses to celebrate, but their hearts were not into it because of what was happening to their town.

Reasons Why I Want to be an RN Essay

There are many reasons why I would like to be an RN, and there are many reasons of why I should become an RN, ever since I was a child I have had the idea of being a nurse implanted in my head. Then as time went by other ideas came into play, like being a teacher or being a police officer, but being a nurse always stayed in my mind as a great career for me. I got this idea of being a nurse from my mother when I was a little kid, see my mom is a nurse, actually she is now the director of nursing at Bakersfield Heart. But when I was a kid, she went from floor nurse, to charge nurse, to director of her floor, to house supervisor, to assistant director, and now director. I can easily see her retiring as the CEO of this hospital. Now I do not know if I would want to do all of that, but I definitely see myself going from floor nurse to charge nurse, and maybe the director of the floor. The upper management just does not sound as fun to me. So originally I did not pursue the idea of nursing, I actually went into college thinking I was going to be a local high school teacher and wrestling coach, so I went and got my degree in Art Education, but while I was in college, I started working as a transport orderly at San Jose Medical Center before it closed, then went to Regional Medical Center of San Jose, where I started working as an Emergency Room clerk, and moved up to an Emergency Room Technician and loved the hands on with the patients. This is where I decided that teaching may wait till I retire from nursing, and nursing will become my career. Soon as I started working side by side with our nurses in the ER I saw that this is what I should be doing, and this is what I want to be doing, so I started working on the prerequisites right then and there. I loved the compassion the nurses had for their patients, and to see the smiles that would come from these patients when they felt better. There was something about being bedside that just pushed me to want to be more. Being a tech was and is amazing, but I want more, I want to be running the code, not just  a part of the code, when a trauma victim comes in, or a coded patient comes in. I love the feeling of bring back a patient in a code, even though I know right now by doing just CPR I am the one that is moving the medication through the body, I want to be the one that is pushing epinephrine, to bring that patient back. In this world today, I feel like there are less and less people that are actually trying to improve today’s society, and are looking out only for themselves, or their family. And I do not want to be one of those people. I want to be helping the community whether it is to clean up a homeless man, or save the life of a kid that was shot, you never know what that person can do for the rest of their lives to improve someone else’s life. I know that not all nursing is emergency nursing, but it all has its parts to the community and helping others. And I am ok with that, but I truly see myself in emergency nursing. If you notice that all of my jobs I was looking at while I was growing up, nursing, teaching, police officer, they are all helping professions, they are all improving the world around us, and ultimately that is what I really want to do, is improve the community, and improve the well being of the people around me. And I believe nursing is the right form of profession for me to do that.

Endangered Species Speech Essay

â€Å"DOOMED† was the headline on the front page of the United Kingdom newspaper, the Daily Mirror, in 1961. The article explained how rhinos were doomed to disappear from the face of the earth due to man’s folly, greed, and neglect. Rhinos once roamed many places throughout Eurasia and Africa and were known to early Europeans who depicted them in cave paintings. Long ago they were widespread across Africa’s savannas and Asia’s tropical forests, but today very few rhinos survive outside national parks and reserves. 52 years after the article we find that the diceros bicornis or the black rhino is indeed doomed. This rhino has been named critically endangered with a population today of only 4,848. These rhinos are found throughout southern and eastern Africa including Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Angola. My knowledge of the black rhino has increased dramatically due to my interest in endangered species. I became interested in endangered species when an advocate from the World Wildlife Foundation came to my school in 8th grade. Ever since, I have kept up with their website and read articles on what this incredible organization is doing for the advancement of endangered species. The St. Louis zoo is home to three black rhinos named Ruka, Kati Rain, and Ajabu. Ruka was born on January 14th, 2011 and was the first black rhino born in the St. Louis zoo in twenty years. In 38 zoos across the nation there are a total of 60 black rhinos. Although humans pose numerous threats to this critically endangered species of rhino, there are many conservation efforts being started to help increase the number of rhinos in the future. Why do rhinos matter? In almost all rhino conservation areas, there are other valuable plants and animals. The protection of rhinos helps protect other species including elephants, buffalo, and small game. Rhinos contribute to economic growth and sustainable development through the tourism industry, whic h creates job opportunities and provides tangible benefits to local communities living alongside rhinos. Rhinos are one of the â€Å"Big 5† animals popular on African safaris and they are a popular tourism draw in places like the Eastern Himalayas. The black rhino weighs around 1 to 1  ½ tons and the height of this rhino is relative to a 6 foot tall man. The rhino has two horns made of a substance similar to that of human fingernails. Sometimes the horns will fall off but they will eventually regenerate. The anterior horn near the front of the head is the larger of the two ranging in size from 3 inches to 5 feet. The shape of the horn also differs between sexes: with males tending to have thicker horns, and the females often longer and thinner ones. The female black rhino uses her horn to protect her young from predators such as lions, crocodiles, and hyenas. The men black rhino uses his horn to battle attackers. Humans are the only real threat to adult black rhinos. No other animal is a match for a full-grown rhino and its heavily armored body of very thick skin and lethal horns. Even though no animal is a match for a black rhino, humans are a major threat their population. Humans jeopardize the survival of the black rhino in many ways. Habitat changes have contributed to population declines. In southern Zimbabwe, privately owned rhino conservancies have been invaded by landless people. This reduces the amount of safe habitat for black rhinos and increases the risk of poaching. Poaching is the illegal practice of trespassing on another’s property to hunt or steal game without the land owner’s permission. Poaching is the leading threat against the critically endangered black rhinos. Poaching statistics released by the South African government reveal 668 rhinos were slaughtered—a 50% increase over 2011 and a staggering 5000% increase since 2007. Already, an additional five rhinos have been killed since the beginning of this year. Matthew Lewis, an African species expert, believes â€Å"poaching is a scourge that could wipe out decades of conservation gains made for black rhinos. A recent demand for the rhino horn has driven poaching to a record high level. In South Africa in 2010, a total of 333 rhinos were killed- almost one a day. In several Asian cultures, people believe that a rhino horn provides powerful medicine for a variety of ailments. Others, mainly those in northern Africa, use the rhino horns to make handles for special daggers. Since these rhino horns are usually very high in price, many poachers are willing to break the law and kill the se endangered animals. Poaching increases during times of political and economic instability. The social and economic conditions prevalent across much of the African continent include human population growth, poverty, instability, corruption and greed. During times of political instability and war outbreak it makes it hard to work on rhino conservation. The natives are worried more about the country as a whole than on helping conserve the rhino population. Despite the many threats against the black rhino, recent efforts have been made to increase the population. The World Wildlife Foundation has been involved in rhino conservation for nearly 50 years. The conservation efforts will expand existing protected areas and improve their management as well as establishing new protected areas, improve security monitoring to protect rhinos from poaching, and improve local and international law enforcement to stop the flow of rhino horn and other illegal wildlife trade items from Africa to other regions of the world. In October 2011, The World Wildlife Foundation successfully established a spacious and safe environment for black rhinos in an effort called â€Å"The Flying Rhinos†. Nineteen critically endangered black rhinos were transported via helicopter to a land vehicle. They spent less than 10 minutes in the air and the sedated animals woke up in a new home. This provided new territory where the rhinos have a greater opportunity to increase in number and live safe from poachers. Tracking the illegal wildlife trade and poaching will help the rhinos live safely in the wild. The World WildLife Foundation is setting up a rhino horn DNA analysis (RHODIS) that helps contribute to forensic investigations at the scene of poaching crimes and also serves as evidence to strengthen prosecution cases. TRAFFIC, the world’s largest wildlife trade monitoring network has played a vital role in helping develop innovative new transmitters to track rhino movements and protect them from poaching. They also helped set up an anonymous hotline that allows people to inform the authorities about poaching. To monitor and protect black rhinos the focus is on anti poaching patrols and more equipped law enforcement officers. Hopefully these valiant and strategic efforts will benefit the black rhino population in the future. Dr. Barney Long, an Asian species expert, expressed that â€Å"Rhinos have been an integral part of the natural world for tens of millions of years, and humankind is causing dramatic declines in just a few decades. We ca n change the outcome.† The black rhino is an incredible animal with many benefits to the world around us. Humans have been causing harm to species through poaching to use the rhino’s horn, political instability and war, and habitat loss. Although humans over the years have caused a decline in the rhino population, there are many conservation efforts in place to help increase the number of rhinos in the future. Tracking illegal wildlife trade and poaching, monitoring and protecting the areas where rhinos live, and creating new and innovative endeavors such as the Flying Rhinos are helping the rhinos tremendously already. The World Wildlife Foundation along with other organizations are putting in time and effort to save this amazing species of rhino, but they need your help! Push governments to protect threatened animal populations by increasing law enforcement, imposing strict deterrents, and reducing the demand for endangered species products. Hopefully, one day we will see the black rhino roam freely across the savanna once again.

Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Example

Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Example Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Teamwork and the divorce between ownership and management Essay Transaction Costs: cost of conducting an economic exchange between two parties. Transaction costs have two important implications for the theory of the firm; firstly the theory of transaction costs predicts that economic exchange will tend to be organized in ways that minimize the costs of those exchanges (explaining the very existence of the firm), secondly transaction costs play an considerable role in limiting the size of firms. Coase wrote in 1937 that Economic exchange will tend to be organised in ways that minimize the cost of exchanges. One way to do this is to offer general contracts.If firms do not have general contracts, an employee cannot be asked to perform beyond his specific task- limiting the size of the firm. The firm, by offering general contracts, can minimize transaction costs. The firm may be described as a tool to minimise transactions costs. Any contract will be incomplete; there will be some chance of something happening that the contract does not cover. This is because, firstly it would be impossible to foresee everything that can happen, secondly, even if everything were foreseeable, it would be prohibitively costly to have a contract that covered all possible bases.Consider what happens when an uncovered contingency arises. Under market based relationship, each party would bargain to get a good deal for themselves. Bargaining is costly, waste of time, may break down cooperation. Also if purchase made now, other party may take advantage of this in future bargaining (Williamson 1985). However, when transaction takes place within firm, one party has residual control rights. Transaction costs are minimised as bargaining taken out of the equation.For this reason we expect to see large scale firms which require the coordination of, and cooperation among, many people to take place within a firm, rather than through a market. Something that suggests that the size of the firm should be limited is specialisation. If the costs of buying in the product for firm 1 are less than the actual costs of making the product, then it should be left to the other firm 2 to make this product which it specialises in, and firm 1 to buy it.For example, take the household as a firm 1 and a bakery as firm 2. It is more efficient for the household to buy in bread from the bakery, as the transactions costs are less than the cost of a bread maker, and the time and ingredients put into making the bread F, A, G p270-272 management economics book Teamwork occurs when an output is produced by the simultaneous cooperation of several team members to perform tasks. This cooperation reduces transactions costs. However, it can create other costs within the firm, such as shirking.Teamwork can cause, for the selfish individual, incentive to shirk, due to 2 related reasons. Firstly, it is difficult for the manager or principle to distinguish between the marginal products of each worker and detect which worker is shirking, and so production units within each team tend to be paid the same rate. Secondly, the shirker reaps benefits from his shirking, whereas the other team members bear the costs. The dilemma posed in providing motivation in these situations is termed the incentive problem.In the absence of perfect and cost-free monitoring, each team member can rationally be expected to shirk and hope to free ride on the efforts of other members. Another problem is that the productivity of any one-team member depends crucially on the input provided by other members. So if one team member shirks, the marginal product of the others, as well has total product of the team will fall. Giving employees some property rights, and a cut of the profits, through partnerships, or making the manager the residual claimant can reduce the incentive problem.1 Partnerships often exist where set-up costs are low, and where quality of production is difficult to observe, in markets such as accountancy, law and architecture. 2 The residual claimant should be the monitor, so he has incentives to increase profits. He should be a capitalist as they are more able to bear risk; workers bear no risk and always get the same wage. Although most property rights are in the hands of capitalists, some may be owned by labour in the form of cooperates.

Installing Windows Xp Essays

Installing Windows Xp Essays Installing Windows Xp Essay Installing Windows Xp Essay Most everyone in this time and age has a computer. Not all of them are up to par with the demands a computer has to fulfill. On average, a new computer goes out of date around 2 years after being placed into service. This means your computer most likely is already out of date. For some people this means you might have to update your operating system. Since Windows XP is now affordable and a lot of people like it, I will explain to you how to install it on your computer. Before installing Windows XP on your computer you will need to get together a small list of things. Your computer or laptop and the Windows XP compact disk that came with your computer or you bought at your local store. The first thing you need to do is look at your computer specifications to see if it meets the hardware requirements of Windows XP. It is located somewhere on the computer box you purchased or in your instruction manual. Next you need to compare your computer’s hardware specs to the minimum, and or recommended requirements of Windows XP. Your Central Processing Unit (CPU) has to be Pentium (or compatible) 233-megahertz (MHz) or higher; a Pentium II (or compatible) 300-MHz or higher processor is recommended. For your RAM (random access memory) you need 64 megabytes (MB) minimum; 128 MB is recommended; your hard drive needs to have at least 2 gigabytes (GB) free space. For your display, all you need is a video display adapter and monitor with Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) resolution or higher; Super VGA and a Plug and Play monitor are recommended. The next step is to insert your CD and get to your boot menu. You do this by restarting your computer and pressing F8 on your keyboard when your computer is booting up. Then you will have several options in front of you. Choose the one that says â€Å"boot from hard disk†. Now your computer is loading your Windows XP installation disk. The license agreement will then pop up. Press F8 to agree to it. If you don’t agree to the terms, you will not be able to install the program. Now you will insert your product key, located on the back of your Windows CD paper case, into the place provided. It will then start installing. You will still have some pop-ups asking you questions. The first one will be about a domain user and workgroup. None of this matters for your home computer. Click default settings and click continue. Next will be regional and language options. Look this over to make sure the information you put in is correct. Fill in the Date and time Options. This varies on where you live. Our time zone is Eastern so that is what we will use and then set it to the correct date. The network configuration will appear. Just click next so it stays default. Now your computer will do some setup tasks and the restart. After this your computer will have the operating system Windows XP on it. It feels good to install Windows all by yourself doesn’t it? Now that the installation is complete you will have to connect to the internet for all of the updates. For this consult, your ISP (internet service provider) because it is not a part of the Windows XP installation. But after that is done I’m sure you will be off playing your computer games, doing homework and poking someone on Facebook very soon.

One Die, Two Dice

One Die, Two Dice One Die, Two Dice One Die, Two Dice By Maeve Maddox Mickey Bayard has questions about the words die and dice. A friend and I are in dispute over the expression, The di (die , dye) is cast, we have crossed the Rubicon .   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦our conflict is over the use of di. I feel it is the singular of Dice , and therefore means the casting of a single dice or di. My friend argues that it is related to a Die cast i.e. A Sword cast in metal from a die. Both seem plausible and the spelling should help , but I have seen it both ways .So many people must be confused as well. First, Caesars frequently quoted statement is usually rendered as The die is cast. Alea iacta est (also alea jacta est, Latin: The die has been cast) is a Latin phrase attributed by Suetonius (as iacta alea est [ˈjakta ˈaË lea est]) to Julius Caesar on January 10, 49 BC as he led his army across the River Rubicon in northern Italy. Wikipedia Gambling was a favorite Roman pastime so Caesars metaphor was easily understood. Fate controlled the roll of the dice. By crossing the Rubicon, Caesar initiated the events that would play out in the civil war to follow. The plural of this kind of die is dice. I dont know about swords, but coins and other objects are cast from a die: An engraved stamp used for impressing a design or figure upon some softer material, as in coining money, striking a medal, embossing paper, etc. The plural of this kind of die is dies. The word die may come from Latin datum in the sense of that which is given or decreed [as by lot or fortune]. The dots on dice are indented. The sense of stamping block or tool for die was first recorded in the 1690s. There is historical precedent for using the plural dice as a singular, as in this example from the OED: 1751 MRS. E. HEYWOOD Hist. Betsy Thoughtless IV. 202 Protesting never to touch a card or throw a dice again. Contemporary gamers frequently use dice as a singular: The probability of one dice being a particular number is 1/6. The player may use either ONE DICE or THE OTHER, instead of adding both Dice together, to increase their count. Each player keeps one dice. This use of dice to refer to one of the dotted cubes has recently crept into directions for games intended for general audiences. The use of dice as a singular noun strikes my ear as incorrect, but I suspect that it will eventually become the norm. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Is "Number" Singular or Plural?

Muslim womens dress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Muslim womens dress - Essay Example Based on their writings, it is possible to argue that the Niqab and Hijab were incorporated into the Islamic code due to exceptional and temporal circumstances; and that their continued usage in modern times is subject to the demands of changed sensibilities. The following passages will offer evidence from the readings in support of this thesis. In the reading titled Is Wearing the Niqab Obligatory for Women, author Yusuf al-Qaradawi gives copious examples from the sacred texts to suggest that the covering of face is not part of the original holy decree. He argues that in the early years of Islams assimilation into Arabic society, there are numerous references to men being attracted and fixated by a womans beauty and these occurrences would not have been documented had womens faces been obstructed by a Niqab. Complementing the inference of this observation is the fact that in a predominantly trade-oriented society at the time of Islams origins, it would be a big encumbrance for women to carry out everyday tasks such as receiving and giving merchandise, receiving and giving money, etc, if their hand was covered by clothing. Furthermore, although a womans hand is considered to be an aspect of her beauty, there is no consensus as to whether it is classified as an awra. For example, from the following translation of ShÄ «rÄ  zÄ «, the ShÄ fiÊ ¿Ã„ « author of the Muhadhdhab, we learn that â€Å"As for a free women, all her body is her Ê ¿awra, apart from her face and hands—NawawÄ « states, up to the wrists—because of the verse, (and let them not display their beauty (zÄ «na) except what [usually] appears of it).9 Ibn Ê ¿AbbÄ s states that [what is excepted] refers to her face and her hands,10 because the Prophet r prohibited women in the state of iá ¸ ¥rÄ m11 from wearing a niqÄ b and gloves.12 If the face and hands were part of the Ê ¿awra, it would not have been impermissible (á ¸ ¥arÄ m) to cover them, and [in addition,

Learning the art of good composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning the art of good composition - Essay Example writing an essay will be easy and even fun to a person who is aware of the steps and strategies involved in this process. â€Å"Learning the art of good composition and written expression takes years of practice.† (Wyldeck 2008, P. 5). Following certain tips or guidelines can be useful in the process of effective essay writing and it is important to follow the basic structure of essay, whatever the topic may be. Understanding the essay topic exactly is of primary significance and it is important to undertake a thorough research to begin the essay writing process by gathering information relevant to preparing a strong argument or thesis. After making a good knowledge base on the topic, one may start analyzing the arguments of the essay, clearly defining the claims, writing out the reasons and the evidence. At this stage, a good brainstorming can be greatly useful as it will help one in focusing on the major argument. The next stage involves preparing the thesis statement which is the main point of the essay summed up in a concise sentence and a good essay requires a clear thesis. Outlining the essay structure and main points can be most useful in organizing the essay as a whole. Now, it is time to write down an effective introduction which can grab the attention of the readers, set up the issue of discussion, and lead in to the thesis argument. In preparing the body of the essay, arrange and organize the major arguments in a precise manner, neatly supported and elaborated with evidences, arguments, illustrations etc.

The barriers of new energy development in Beijing Essay

The barriers of new energy development in Beijing - Essay Example The findings and discussion provide evidence that personal background and attitude are strongly influenced in the willingness to buy a new energy car. Government policy and marketing investigations indicate that relevant regulations are still in an unclear developmental situation, and the marketing of new energy vehicles is still a difficult endeavour. Therefore, the relevant non-sound rules and regulations, the continued use of fossil fuel, the nearly saturated automotive and second hand vehicles market, as well as some deep-rooted personal views are the main barriers for the development of new energy vehicles in Beijing. The consumer age groups purchasing new energy cars are mainly younger people. The results also show the difference in the development of new energy vehicles between Beijing and cities of other developed countries. The main conclusions and recommendations drawn from this study are that the new energy vehicle cannot replace the motor vehicle directly; they can be onl y gradually developed because time is required for the establishment of regulations, policies and charging stations, and for people’s attitudes to change. If motor Enterprises produce a car that achieves the requirements of a reliable level of technology, security and an attractive appearance, the popularity of the car will be increased. If new energy vehicles are able to reach this level, new energy vehicles will also be fast to become popular. Acknowledgements and Declaration This dissertation would not have been possible without the help and guidance of certain people. It is a pleasure to thank those who made this dissertation possible, such as my parents who gave me spiritual encouragement and the economic support I required, and my professor, Lynn CROWE, who supervised me and enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. I owe my deepest gratitude to Education Adviser Viv THOM, who gave me advice about structure and corrected my language errors. I would also lik e to thank a friend, Minfeng YAN, who introduced two important people to me, one is Teng LI, the consultant of the Audi 4S store, and Feng ZHANG, a salesperson of the Toyota 4S store. I must make a special reference to Minfeng YAN, because without his help I could not have gotten such relevant information. I am thankful to respondents and friends in the support and cooperation of the surveys and interviews. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project. It is declared that this Research Report is entirely the product of my own work. 1.1 Overview The questionnaire sample sizes were 65 and 78 for face-to-face and online survey respectively. To ensure the accuracy of the answers, each face-to-face survey was completed by different people and the online survey could only be filled in once for one IP. In order to understand the condition of the auto vehicles market in a short period, the interpretive intervie ws selected consultants and salespeople from different mainstream 4S stores, where one consultant came from an Audi 4S store, another one came from a Toyota 4S store, and the last one from BYD. 1.2 Personal background The age distribution in the face-to-face survey demonstrates that there is no age limitation. 60% of total respondents were aged from 19 to 30, while 32.3% of them were aged between 31 and 50 years old. In contrast, most of respondents of the online survey (92.3%)

Economics Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economics Coursework - Essay Example In the economic boom many invested in real estate and rented houses at a higher price to add consistent income. Such investments were centrally made in the business cities. However, the recession has caused unemployment and therefore demand for the rented houses has declined as people on being jobless moved back to their respective cities. In such cases, cost of retaining empty house increased such as maintenance cost etc. Therefore, the decline in income from rented houses caused by the decline in its demand had a positive shift in the demand of the owner occupation housing. Government to meet the challenge of crisis and budget deficit has been exploiting higher income people. In such case government can identify rental income as an additional source of income for people and therefore increases tax on the rental income. This measure of government to increase income would have a positive outward shift in the demand of the owner occupation of housing. People will prefer to self occupy houses than renting it out for additional income to benefit from tax escape. The mechanism can also be in contrast. Such as government reducing the subsidies to people that have been hit by the recession but are living in own houses can have negative shift in the demand of the owner occupation housing. People in such case can would then prefer to live in rented houses and therefore demand of the higher subsidies from government. In contrast to above proposition, in case government takes measure to generate the economic activity in certain areas to deal with affects of global crises. Among such measures can be a scheme of providing business loan at lower interest rate to the people that wishes to start own small business venture in local areas. The scheme also offering concession in the electricity and water bills to such people can have positive shift in the owner occupation in that particular area. Therefore, people to take the

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting Essay

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting - Essay Example This meant that events happening would take several hours or even days before becoming public knowledge. Presently, great changes have occurred and this reflective essay reviews these changes and advances in my own eyes and experiences. Reflections My experiences in journalism, news, and event reporting include using multimedia like video, photos and recorded voice to capture news, which I then send to the editorial office from whichever location through the world wide web and sometimes live via satellite television. The news is quickly edited before being relayed to audiences as ‘breaking news’. I have experienced live events being simultaneously shown to audiences through different media including television, cable and on the internet while the events are happening as happened during the Soviet revolution in the early nineties. I can use my mobile phone or portable to capture, edit, and send news all over the world via social networking through the internet and relay l ive pictures and commentary, occasionally just a few seconds behind the real event as Zahid (2010) avers. This is unlike the earlier days of journalism when reporting involved using notebooks and a camera or a video recorder with tape which was followed by sometimes a long journey to the main office, upload pictures (or develop them if taken on film), edit video using a long cut and paste process before compiling a news feature. Events occurring yesterday are reported as today’s news. Technology has changed all this, as I am now able to post news articles online, have a quick electronic version of the print newspaper posted on the news company’s web page where people can read the news and even post their own comments and views. So while in the olden days news reporting used to be a one way communication system (at least in the short term) where people just read what was printed and comments would take from days to weeks, presently readers can comment on news through bl ogging and comments on the web 2.0 platform. Watching and following the Egyptian revolution, I not only saw and experienced people power but importantly, but at a personal level experienced a new way in relaying information and following events that have forever changed my journalism practices. I can integrate news and information using the internet, mobile phones as well as traditional telephone and print media to distribute information, cheaply confirms Krotoski (2011). Through the Egyptian revolution, I have come to discover that not just governments and editors have control over what news and the public consumes information; the cost of distributing and sharing news has been greatly reduced thanks in no small part to technology and web 2.0. I can capture and share news with the world using only a cell phone with a decent camera. I have discovered that consumers of news, be it through print or electronic media, want news as they are happening and want to be able to easily alert f riends and other people instantly on what is happening so they can also view what is happening. The advent of the internet makes this possible; I could be relaying breaking news from the news site using my cell phone onto the newspapers’ or TV stations’ Twitter, Facebook or You tube page, and a reader logged in gets the news and tweets or chats with their friends about what is happening, all in just a few seconds. The news is transmitted so fast and in real

The Representation Of The Australian Landscape In Contemporary Visual Essay

The Representation Of The Australian Landscape In Contemporary Visual Culture - Essay Example Mitchell’s opinion in his work, According to WJT Mitchell, landscape as a subject in painting has caught the attention of artists in the seventeenth century and reached its zenith in the nineteenth century. His essay Imperial Landscape is very argumentative where he not only describes his understanding of landscape as a medium of communication between man and nature and between self and the other but he further problematizes the concept of self-questioning the assumptions related to ‘we’ as opposed to the ‘other’, the nature (Mitchell, 2002, p.6). It should be the historical study of the development of landscape painting tradition that Mitchell aligned with the rise and fall of imperialism. Keeping this in mind and using appropriate examples the paper moves forward to illustrate the political undertone reflected in Australian artworks. The landscape has always been interpreted as a manifestation of the spirit of the land in the Western colonization pr ocess, be it Africa or India or China or Australia. How Nature acts as an active resisting force in the perception of colonizers is probably nowhere more clearly expressed than in Conrad’s novels like, Heart of Darkness. In case of Australia as well, the nation was perceived primarily as hostile and incomprehensible. Compared to the peace of English garden, it was considered disorderly and chaotic. It posed a serious threat to the White colonial paranoia, a destabilization of the national identity of the whites. But their presentation of Australian landscape was rather a representation—defined by their own vision and habits. Beilharz questions this phenomenon and asked why ‘representation of Australia looked like England’ (Beilharz, 2002, p. 29). To answer this, Beilharz fingers at the ‘formal qualities of the landscape to which they [British] were aesthetically accustomed in England’ (Beilharz, 2002, p.29).

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting Essay

Reflections on Styles and Context of News Reporting - Essay Example This meant that events happening would take several hours or even days before becoming public knowledge. Presently, great changes have occurred and this reflective essay reviews these changes and advances in my own eyes and experiences. Reflections My experiences in journalism, news, and event reporting include using multimedia like video, photos and recorded voice to capture news, which I then send to the editorial office from whichever location through the world wide web and sometimes live via satellite television. The news is quickly edited before being relayed to audiences as ‘breaking news’. I have experienced live events being simultaneously shown to audiences through different media including television, cable and on the internet while the events are happening as happened during the Soviet revolution in the early nineties. I can use my mobile phone or portable to capture, edit, and send news all over the world via social networking through the internet and relay l ive pictures and commentary, occasionally just a few seconds behind the real event as Zahid (2010) avers. This is unlike the earlier days of journalism when reporting involved using notebooks and a camera or a video recorder with tape which was followed by sometimes a long journey to the main office, upload pictures (or develop them if taken on film), edit video using a long cut and paste process before compiling a news feature. Events occurring yesterday are reported as today’s news. Technology has changed all this, as I am now able to post news articles online, have a quick electronic version of the print newspaper posted on the news company’s web page where people can read the news and even post their own comments and views. So while in the olden days news reporting used to be a one way communication system (at least in the short term) where people just read what was printed and comments would take from days to weeks, presently readers can comment on news through bl ogging and comments on the web 2.0 platform. Watching and following the Egyptian revolution, I not only saw and experienced people power but importantly, but at a personal level experienced a new way in relaying information and following events that have forever changed my journalism practices. I can integrate news and information using the internet, mobile phones as well as traditional telephone and print media to distribute information, cheaply confirms Krotoski (2011). Through the Egyptian revolution, I have come to discover that not just governments and editors have control over what news and the public consumes information; the cost of distributing and sharing news has been greatly reduced thanks in no small part to technology and web 2.0. I can capture and share news with the world using only a cell phone with a decent camera. I have discovered that consumers of news, be it through print or electronic media, want news as they are happening and want to be able to easily alert f riends and other people instantly on what is happening so they can also view what is happening. The advent of the internet makes this possible; I could be relaying breaking news from the news site using my cell phone onto the newspapers’ or TV stations’ Twitter, Facebook or You tube page, and a reader logged in gets the news and tweets or chats with their friends about what is happening, all in just a few seconds. The news is transmitted so fast and in real

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources Research Paper

Radioactive materials and other polutants in water sources - Research Paper Example Water pollution is the term that refers to the contamination of water bodies, which include: lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater. Water pollution is caused by pollutants which are discharged either directly or indirectly into the water bodies without proper treatment for the removal of the harmful components. Water pollution affects plants and other living organisms that are present in water bodies; the effect of water pollution is not only damaging individual species and populations, but in fact the natural biological communities as well. Surface waters are referred to as natural water resources or the Earth. Surface water pollution is divided into two major categories: point sources and non-point sources. Point source pollution is where pollution is caused from a single source and can also be identified. Non-point source pollution is where pollution is not caused by just one source in fact; it is the diffused contamination that occurs from different sources rather than just one. (Water Pollution Guide) There are many causes for water pollution. The first major water pollution pollutant is sewage and wastewater. Activities such as domestic work, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater which then pours in the clean water stream and contaminates it. Sewages water contains pollutants such as faeces, urine and laundry wastes. The world population has reached 7 billion, therefore, sewage treatment is vital and population is like to grow hence we need to take of this cause or there will be ever-increasing water pollution. Sewage is a major problem especially in the developing countries where they do not have access to good sanitary conditions and safe water. Untreated sewage causes diseases such as diarrhea. Sewage is mainly biodegradable but sometimes is contains chemicals and pharmaceutical substances, sewage also contains viruses and bacteria thus causing health problems. (Fuller) Another major cause of water pollution is marine dumping. Marine dumping is when humans d ump garbage into the sea or ocean. This then causes the water to directly become polluted. This is a major problem throughout the world and the developing countries in particular. Since developing countries do not have a proper waste disposal system then the people dump their waste into the sea. For instance Karachi, a city in Pakistan, used to attract high numbers of tourist because of their geographical location that has more than 6 beaches. However, due to marine dumping tourism in that region has dropped tremendously in that region. Different items take different times to degrade in water, some take a shorter time for instance cardboard – two days, and some take a very long time for instance plastic packaging material – about 400 years. (Fuller) One more major cause of water pollution is industrial water and waste. Industrial waste is a huge cause of water pollution because it produces pollutants that are very harmful and dangerous to the people and the environment . Many industrial facilities use fresh water as a source to wash and carry their waste out of their vicinity into different water bodies. There are ample amounts of industrial pollutants. First is asbestos. Asbestos is carcinogenic and is a serious health hazard. It can be inhaled and can cause deadly diseases such as lung,

Validity Of A Badminton Specific Vo2max Test Physical Education Essay

Validity Of A Badminton Specific Vo2max Test Physical Education Essay The characteristics of badminton have been studied in detail in an attempt to further the knowledge of coaches and athletes in order to improve performance and training regimes (Chin et al, 1995; Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Badminton is a sport that requires repeated high intensity, short duration movements that places both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems under physiological stress (Manrique and Badillo, 2003). During matches performers undertake bursts of high intensity activity followed by recovery periods regularly throughout the match. Matches at an elite level can vary in length from 20 minutes to an hour (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Through the understanding of the sports technical, intermittent and explosive nature, athletes can train and prepare appropriately in order to meet the physiological demands placed on them during competition. During badminton match play, individuals require a combination of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, as well as the physiological requirements of power, flexibility, agility and movement speed, all of which are essential to provide effective match performance. During match play, it has been identified that individuals will maintain heart rates of over 75% of Heart Rate maximum (HR max) in the doubles discipline and over 80% of HR max in singles (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). In order for athletes to be able to perform successfully at these intensities for an extended period of time, their aerobic energy systems must be able to hope with such demands. In order for this to be possible training must be conducted appropriately and specifically enough to allow for successful adaptations to occur. This training can be undertaken through work within a gymnasium where aspects of cardiovascular fitness and strength and conditioning can be improved, alongside on-court training to improve technical ability and fitness. Knowing the effectiveness of certain methods of training can give athletes an advantage when it comes to competition. Girard et al., (2005) highlighted the limitations of using treadmill testing within racquet sports such as squash and badminton. They emphasised that exercise testing on the treadmill is not specific enough for the muscles involved in these sports and is therefore inadequate for evaluating the specific demands of the sport. Consequently, assessing the effectiveness of training adaptations in relation to match performance can only be conducted through the use of specific testing. This has enforced the view that, the development of appropriate fitness tests in sport is generally considered to be one of the essential tasks of sports scientists (Chin et a l., 1995). Chin et al., (1995) suggested that the customary standardised tests for aerobic fitness are not sufficient for an accurate prediction of successful performance in most sports, especially racket sports. They go on to claim that due to the intermittent characteristics of badminton, an accurate fitness test cannot be appropriately simulated in a laboratory situation. Therefore, it is necessary to assess physiological profiles of such sports during field tests. Wonisch et al., (2003) suggested that the direct measurement of respiratory gas exchange variables under field conditions may be useful in future research. They also suggested that further studies under competition-like conditions may provide additional information about the impact of aerobic power in badminton. Recent technological advancements have enabled the development of lightweight ambulatory metabolic devices allowing for an accurate evaluation of racquet sports such as badminton whilst on court. This has proved essential for assessing the specific demands of sport due to the ability to analyse and record specific physiological contributions to exercise, such as VO2, VCO2 and RER, within 5 second intervals. Studies which have used this method of assessing the physiological demands of badminton include; Roecker et al. (2005) and Faude et al. (2007). Previously, physiological profiling using mixing-chamber based metabolic devices have been undertaken in football (Ferrauti et al. 2006), tennis (Smekal et al. 2001), and badminton (Faccini and Dal Monte, 1996) but were all unable to attain accurate and sport specific values reflecting the physiological demands. Sport-specific fitness tests have been created for the Badminton England and the Welsh Institute of Sport. These field tests have been designed to be highly sport-specific and easily administered by players and coaches (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). These tests are able to assess; jumping ability, movement speed, and aerobic performance. These tests have been used to provide specific fitness testing results which can enable the coach to identify whether an athleteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance is being restricted by movement technique or general fitness (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Recently a sport specific, incremental aerobic fitness test has been developed by the Badminton England. Hughes, (2003) designed the protocol that will be used to investigate the physiological responses of badminton performers whilst on court. This is aimed at participants reaching a point of exhaustion by the end of the testing. It is proposed that when athletes reach exhaustion during this type of test, VO2max values could be attained. This is what is to be studied during this research process and if found to be the case, this testing procedure could provide a more accurate and effective method of assessing VO2max, and could phase out the use of treadmill VO2max testing within badminton. Using a badminton-specific incremental test to generate VO2max results rather than the generic treadmill VO2max test can provide increased validity in the assessment of an individual badminton playerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fitness level. It is important to be able to assess athletes in such ways in order to improve performance and adapt training regimes, especially at an elite level. However, as of yet there has not been testing conducted into the relationships between the three different endurance tests used in the study; the treadmill test and the on-court incremental test, which both provide measures of performance in terms of time to fatigue and the VO2 max result; and the speed endurance test which measures performance in terms of maximal speed, average speed and fatigue throughout the test. VO2max on-court is not only related to aerobic fitness, but also technique and the efficiency of on court movement. This is why it is important to investigate whether these tests are suitable fo r widespread use within badminton for accurately assessing individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s playersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fitness levels, as well as identifying the effectiveness of specific field testing for application within all sports. .

Friday Night Lights - Just Read It ! :: friday

Friday Night Lights - Just Read It ! Meat head, dumb jock. These are just two of the many derogatory labels given to football players. Is it possible for me, a meat head, to hear the criticisms dealt to the sport of football? Is it possible for me, a dumb football jock, to understand and be objective about the issues raised in the book, Friday Night Lights? Yes, because I'm not the stereotypical football player like those described of Odessa, Texas. The football players in Odessa were generally a wild party crowd. It was typical that late in the fourth quarter, when the game was in the bag, the players would begin talking on the sidelines about what parties they were going to after the game, what girls they were going to try to pick up, and laughing about how drunk they were going to get. They cared nothing for academics. The senior star running back, Boobie Miles, was taking a math course that most students took as freshmen. Many of the senior players' schedules consisted of nothing but electives. For the Oddesa footbal players, school was nothing more than a social get-to-gether, served up to them as a chance to flirt with girls and hand out with their friends. They knew that their performance in class didn't matter; the teacher would provide the needed grade to stay on the team. It wasn't uncommon for players to receive answer keys for a test or simply to be exempt from taking the test at all. Some didn't know how they would cope without football after the season was over. They ate, drank, and slept it. On the whole, these 16 and 17-year-old boys' identity was wrapped up in a pigskin. The Odessa football players couldn't be objective about criticisms of football. Their total self-esteem depended on how they did on Friday night. This was the glorified culmination of their football career: wearing the black MoJo uniform in the stadium under the big lights. Football was more than just a game to them; it was a religion. It "made them seem like boys going off to fight a war for the benefit of someone else, unwitting sacrifices to a strange and powerful god" (Bissinger, p.11). Because football was so meaningful in their lives, to criticize it was to criticize everything they'd worked so hard for and lived for.

Lena Horne Essay -- Essays Papers

Lena Horne Lena Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Teddy and Edna Scottron Horne. After her father left her at the age of two in order to pursue his gambling career; her mother leaving soon after that to pursue her acting career; she went to live with her grandparents. Through her grandparents influence she became involved with organizations like the NAACP, at an early age. In 1924 she went back to live with her mother, traveling and being schooled all over the state until she was fourteen. At the age of fourteen she decided to drop out of school and go to work. Because she was talented and light skinned it was not hard for her to find a job. She became a chorus girl in Harlem’s Cotton Club where blacks entertained a strictly all white crowd. At that time she was making about $25 a week. It was here that Lena got to meet and observe now famous artists such as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Ethal Waters, and Billie Holiday. At the age of nineteen she met and married Louis Jones. Together they had two children Gail and Teddy (who later died in 1970 from kidney failure). While trying to get used to raising a family and having a career, she received a call from an agent, who had seen her at the Cotton Club, about a part in a movie. Her controlling husband allowed her to be in â€Å"The Duke is Tops† and also the musical revue â€Å"Blackbirds of 1939." When she finally got up the courage to leave Louis, he deiced to take her son away from her. She lost custody of Teddy when the divorce was final and has always regretted not fighting harder for her son. After her divorce she began singing with Noble Sissie’s Society Orchestra. Through out their tour she had to endure harsh racism having to sleep in tenement boarding houses, the bus and even once in circus grounds. Soon after that, she toured with Charlie Barnet’s Outfit and became the first African American to tour with an all white band. She was their feature singer and considers this to be the beginning of her success. Lena decided to head out to Hollywood and see what she could do out there. She began singing in the Trocadero Club where she met one of the most influential people in her life: Billy Strayhom. Billy Strayhom was the chief music-writer for Duke Ellington. Lena has always felt that she and he were soul mates, d... ...becoming the first Africa American to tour with an all white band and also the first African American women to sign a long-term contract with a major film studio. She was also an accomplished jazz singer. Recording songs such as: â€Å"The Lady and Her Music† and â€Å"The Best Things in Life Are Free.† Lena was a strong advocate of equal rights. he was a member of the NAACP, the National Council of Negro women and the Urban League. I think that she is a great pioneer of equal rights because she did it on her own terms and was not as forceful as some of the other advocates. She achieved equal rights and respect because of her grace, elegance and talent. Bibliography Magazines: Lena Town & Country, September ‘95, Vol. 149 issue 5184, page 128. Author: Jonathan Schwartz The Lady Lived The Blues Biography, February ‘98, Vol. 2 issue 2, page 62 Author: Beverly Lauderdale Lena Horne, Timeless as Ever Billboard, June ‘98, Vol. 110 issue 25, page 36 Author: Philip Booth Web Pages: www.amctv.com/behind/stars/horne.html www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000006Q62/afrciangenesis www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/Delta/6424

Quick Thinking Saves the Day

It was a long day at work and I just could not wait to reach home. I had to walk a short distance to where my friends’ worked first because we decided that we would carpool for the week. Before we even approached the highway we could see the rush hour traffic from a distance, so we decided to take the Old Road to beat the traffic. This road has not been used very often by motorists as there were reports of car thefts, robberies and many other suspicious activities. But I just wanted to reach home quickly because I was exhausted and they had no problem with my idea.Entering a road that I assumed is the Old Road, it looked very mistrustful and mysterious but I still took it. If I was wrong I would just make a U-Turn and return to the major road. I have never used the Old Road before so I was a little afraid of what we might encounter on this journey, so I told everyone to wind up their windows. While making our way up the road, we spotted rusty old car parts, some burned cars an d heaps of garbage along the roadside. Ten minutes later down the road and I was fully convinced that I had taken the wrong road, so did my friends. I made a U-Turn in a side street.On our way back up the road we cud see a man wearing a yellow and orange striped shirt running towards the car. We did not know where he came from but it looked like he appeared from some nearby bushes. He threw a brick through the windscreen and it came caving in. The entire glass chattered and covered the front seat. My friend Abigail whom was sitting in the passenger’s seat got the worst of the fragments of glass. It covered her entire legs and when I looked down there was a lot of blood. Everyone was screaming and panicking and mostly in shock as to what just took place.The man then tried to open the back left passenger door. Luckily my friend Susan, who was sitting there, managed to close it back with speed. As soon as I saw that I knew that something had to be done quickly, so I put the car back in second gear and just drove. We don’t know what his intentions were, but we made a safe getaway, I looked in my rear-view mirror and cud just see him disappearing within the distance. I felt really lucky to be alive because he could have raped us girls or worse yet killed us and even could have taken the car and no-one would have known.We made it out of the â€Å"Old Road† and went to the Police Station to file a report. My friend in the front seat was telling me that she was glad that I was driving because it was my quick thinking that got us out of that situation alive. While in the Police Station my friends praised me for not stopping the vehicle even though they could have seen the shock in my face. I kept good composure and lead my friends away from the danger. I told them that I had to thank my mother for teaching me so well because she always said, â€Å"Never to stop for anything on the side of the road,† which turned out to be advice that saved o ur lives. (582 words) Quick Thinking Saves the Day It was a long day at work and I just could not wait to reach home. I had to walk a short distance to where my friends’ worked first because we decided that we would carpool for the week. Before we even approached the highway we could see the rush hour traffic from a distance, so we decided to take the Old Road to beat the traffic. This road has not been used very often by motorists as there were reports of car thefts, robberies and many other suspicious activities. But I just wanted to reach home quickly because I was exhausted and they had no problem with my idea.Entering a road that I assumed is the Old Road, it looked very mistrustful and mysterious but I still took it. If I was wrong I would just make a U-Turn and return to the major road. I have never used the Old Road before so I was a little afraid of what we might encounter on this journey, so I told everyone to wind up their windows. While making our way up the road, we spotted rusty old car parts, some burned cars an d heaps of garbage along the roadside. Ten minutes later down the road and I was fully convinced that I had taken the wrong road, so did my friends. I made a U-Turn in a side street.On our way back up the road we cud see a man wearing a yellow and orange striped shirt running towards the car. We did not know where he came from but it looked like he appeared from some nearby bushes. He threw a brick through the windscreen and it came caving in. The entire glass chattered and covered the front seat. My friend Abigail whom was sitting in the passenger’s seat got the worst of the fragments of glass. It covered her entire legs and when I looked down there was a lot of blood. Everyone was screaming and panicking and mostly in shock as to what just took place.The man then tried to open the back left passenger door. Luckily my friend Susan, who was sitting there, managed to close it back with speed. As soon as I saw that I knew that something had to be done quickly, so I put the car back in second gear and just drove. We don’t know what his intentions were, but we made a safe getaway, I looked in my rear-view mirror and cud just see him disappearing within the distance. I felt really lucky to be alive because he could have raped us girls or worse yet killed us and even could have taken the car and no-one would have known.We made it out of the â€Å"Old Road† and went to the Police Station to file a report. My friend in the front seat was telling me that she was glad that I was driving because it was my quick thinking that got us out of that situation alive. While in the Police Station my friends praised me for not stopping the vehicle even though they could have seen the shock in my face. I kept good composure and lead my friends away from the danger. I told them that I had to thank my mother for teaching me so well because she always said, â€Å"Never to stop for anything on the side of the road,† which turned out to be advice that saved o ur lives. (582 words)

Schools Should Ask Students to Evaluate Their Teachers

Nowadays, education is at the top of people’s concern. Most of schools consider the interaction between students and teachers as an important role in the teaching process. Therefore, it leads to a policy that students can evaluate their teachers. In my opinion, I support that idea for several reasons.First of all, students are the very people who receive knowledge and lessons from their professors directly thus their evaluations must be exact and appropriate. In fact, it is very difficult to ask people to evaluate something that they never experience by themselves. As an example, customers are always the accurate measuring device of products’ quality because customers often try to find the best product among a lot of ones in the market to use. Similarly, students will express true opinions about their teachers and those opinions are very helpful for schools to know their teachers better. In this way, schools can have right methods to improve their staff.Furthermore, eva luations from students will make teachers perform their tasks better. As teachers know that their students always consider their teaching methods and their profession in every lecture or discussion, they will be stimulated to do well at the class. Besides, students’view will help teachers to find out their most effective teaching way and thus, their skills and experience can be boosted to a higher level.Finally, asking studentd to evaluate their teachers is also a way of showing concern to students. By that way, the schools indicate that they really appriciate their students’opinions and feeling. Hence, students may feel more comfortable and free. Also, when evaluating teachers, students have to pay attention to their lessons and they may realize their attitude of studying as well.To sum up, I strongly believe that schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. That idea will help both of students and teachers to do better in their tasks. Schools Should Ask Students to Evaluate Their Teachers Nowadays, education is at the top of people’s concern. Most of schools consider the interaction between students and teachers as an important role in the teaching process. Therefore, it leads to a policy that students can evaluate their teachers. In my opinion, I support that idea for several reasons.First of all, students are the very people who receive knowledge and lessons from their professors directly thus their evaluations must be exact and appropriate. In fact, it is very difficult to ask people to evaluate something that they never experience by themselves. As an example, customers are always the accurate measuring device of products’ quality because customers often try to find the best product among a lot of ones in the market to use. Similarly, students will express true opinions about their teachers and those opinions are very helpful for schools to know their teachers better. In this way, schools can have right methods to improve their staff.Furthermore, eva luations from students will make teachers perform their tasks better. As teachers know that their students always consider their teaching methods and their profession in every lecture or discussion, they will be stimulated to do well at the class. Besides, students’view will help teachers to find out their most effective teaching way and thus, their skills and experience can be boosted to a higher level.Finally, asking studentd to evaluate their teachers is also a way of showing concern to students. By that way, the schools indicate that they really appriciate their students’opinions and feeling. Hence, students may feel more comfortable and free. Also, when evaluating teachers, students have to pay attention to their lessons and they may realize their attitude of studying as well.To sum up, I strongly believe that schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. That idea will help both of students and teachers to do better in their tasks.

Health Care Workers Needlestick Injuries Health And Social Care Essay

A needlestick hurt is a transdermal piercing lesion typically set by a hollow-borne acerate leaf or crisp instrument, including, but non limited to, acerate leafs, lancets, scalpels, and contaminated broken glass. This type of hurt can happen at the clip people use, disassemble, or dispose of acerate leafs. In the health care work topographic point, needlestick hurt has become a major concern to wellness attention workers in the decennaries. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that, in the United States, about 600,000 to one million needlestick hurts occur each twelvemonth. Unfortunately, about half of these needlestick hurts go unreported ( CDC, 2007 ) . In Canada, hurts from needlesticks and other sharps remain a major concern in the healthcare field with the figure around 70,000 per twelvemonth, or norm of 192 per twenty-four hours. [ 2 ] Health attention worker exposures to bloodborne pathogens as a consequence of hurts caused by acerate leafs and other crisp devices are a important societal concern these yearss. The bloodborne pathogens related to needlestick hurt are more than 30 species including human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) , and hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) and others. Needlestick hurts expose workers to bloodborne pathogens that can do infection such as AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and so on. The first instance of occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection was reported in 1984 and highlighted the hazard of occupational exposure to HIV and hepatitis. [ 3 ] Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that over 1400 wellness attention worker infection to Hepatitis B occurred due to needlestick hurts In 1993. [ 4 ] To minimise the hazard of occupational exposure to the bloodborne pathogens through transdermal hurts, the US federal statute law has been acted with the beginning of OSHA Bloodboren Pathogens criterion in 1991 [ 5 ] and culminating in the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000 [ 6 ] . From the ordinance, the cardinal constituent is the usage of safety-engineered devices, which are medical sharps that have been designed to include safety characteristics or mechanisms, including design characteristics to extinguish the crisp wholly, to extinguish or minimise the hazard of hurt to the user or others. [ 7 ] Pugliese found that about 80 % of sharps hurts are preventable through either a procedural alteration or the debut of a safety device. [ 8 ] During the past decennary, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) of the U.S. Department of Labor has led authorities attempts to diminish the hazard of exposure through needlestick hurts. [ 3 ] The US Occupational Safety and Health Agency monitors the usage of acerate leafs and sharps and mandates the usage and rating of inactive safety systems for sharps without respect to cost. Contrary to the United States, Canada'sA occupational safety and wellness plans are organized and administered at the provincial degree. In Alberta, the authorities had passed ordinances to include demands for the usage of safety-engineered devices to cut down sharps hurts and exposure to blood and organic structure fluids in November 2003 which set criterions for protecting the wellness and safety of workers. ( OHS Code )C. Study Design and MethodsDatabase from infirmaries ( see Appendix A ) comparison before and after the SEN, underreport [ 9 ] and interview with RN E. Study Population – ( Gender and Minority Inclusions ) : 1. Describe the features of the capable population, include the awaited figure of normal voluntaries, age scopes, sex, cultural background, and wellness position. Identify the standards for inclusion or exclusion ( particularly adult females and/or minorities ) . Explain the principle for the usage of particular categories of topics, such as foetuss, pregnant adult females, or others who are likely to be vulnerable, particularly those whose ability to give voluntary informed consent may be questionable.F. Plan of Statistical Analysis1. Analysiss will be performed utilizing Microsoft Access, Excel and State 10 package. 2. Describe plans for enlisting of topics and the consent processs to be followed ; including the fortunes under which consent will be sought and obtained, who will seek it, who will give degree CelsiusG. Ethical IssuesAll research will be conducted following verbal and written consent of the participants. Approval will be obtained by the University of Alberta research moralss board ( REB ) prior to the beginning of the survey.H. Timetable:Completion of proposal for research February 31, 2010 Completion of questionnaire April 31, 2010 Edmonton Part July-August, 2010 Data Import and Analysis Septemper 31, 2010 Writing Up November 31, 2010I. References & A ; Literature CitedAppendix A: Edmonton infirmaries information University of Alberta Hospital 8440 – 112 Street, Edmonton Ph 780-407-8822 Medical Education Office 1F1.08 WMC Ph 407-7455 Royal Alexandra Hospital 10240 – Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton Ph 780-735-4111 Medical Education Office Room 1108H Ph 735-5239 Alberta Hospital Edmonton 17480 Fort Road, Edmonton Ph 780-472-5555 Cross Cancer Institute 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton Ph 780-432-8771 Edmonton General Continuing Care 11111 – Jasper Avenue, Edmonton Ph 780-482-8111 Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital 10230 – 111 Avenue, Edmonton Ph 780-735-7999 Grey Nuns Community Hospital and Health Centre 1100 Youville Drive W, Edmonton Ph 780-735-7000 Medical Education Office Room 1712 Ph 780-735-7434 Misericordia Community Hospital and Health Centre 16940 – 87 Avenue, Edmonton Ph 780-735-5611 Medical Education Office Room 1N98 Ph 780-735-2991 Northeast Community Health Centre 14007 – 50 Street, Edmonton Ph 780-472-5000 Queen Elizabeth II Hospital 10409 – 98 Street, Grande Prairie Ph 780-538-7100 Red Deer Regional Hospital Centre 3942 – 50 A Avenue, Red Deer Ph 403-343-4422 Stollery Children ‘s Hospital Administrative Offices 4H2.36 WMC 8440 – 112 Street, Edmonton Ph 780-407-8655 Sturgeon Community Hospital and Heath Centre 201 Boudreau Road, St Albert Ph 780-418-8200OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY & A ; WELLNESS ( OHS & A ; W )Report all blood/body fluid and needle stick exposures to: RAH/UAH/SCH/GRH/LCH/FSHC/RHC/WHC/DGH – Alberta Health Services LINK at 780-401-2669. MIS/Caritas – 780-735-2806 GNH/Caritas – 780-735-7310

Principles of Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Principles of Corporate Finance - Essay Example For example, the year 2008 witnessed a global financial crisis, which had a significant impact on the cash flows of firms that depend on banks for funding. Even if Timbercorp may not have been directly affected, it may have indirectly been affected by a reduction in demand for its products on a global scale as consumers find it difficult meeting up with payments. Secondly, the economic environment is constantly changing. Interest rates and exchange rates continue to change and this has an effect on Timbercorp’s financing and investment decisions. As earlier mentioned, the company is a leading participant in the agribusiness sector through the food and fiber industries and the land and water rights and infrastructure associated with these industries. The sector provides a lot of opportunities and threats. As far as opportunities are concerned, the agribusiness sector remains a crucial part of the global economy and it is estimated to be worth approximately US$5trillion. In addi tion to its importance for delivering food security, it also encompasses half of the world’s labor force and assets as well as 40% of consumer purchases. Global population is expected to grow to approximately 8.3billion by the year 2030. These developments will help boost demand for Timbercorp’s products. The company anticipates a 60% rise in the demand for food and fiber products by 2030. However, there are also challenges for the company. For example, the amount of arable land is declining and these may adversely affect the company’s ability to meet rising demand for its products. Other challenges facing the company include rising operational costs, limitations on the access of water resources, as well as rising oil and gas prices.  The company reports that high oil and gas prices had a material adverse impact on harvesting and transportation costs as well as on the costs of fertilizers.  

Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of human rights Essay

Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of human rights. Does their context differ across cultural boundaries and if - Essay Example In academic literature, the school of thought that who argued against universality in relation to human rights are today establishing new perspectives regarding human rights. This school of thought, now incorporates cultural elements within a universal concept related to human rights, instead of directly criticizing the idea of universality (Hey 2000, p.17). This approach taken in regard to human rights paves way for a focus on various issues affecting the society and the implications in terms of establishing human rights that are recognized internationally. Further, there is a likelihood of a new universalism being born as a result of globalization. This new universalism related to significant developments that have occurred globally in terms of theories and politics related to human rights. In practice, various rights that exist within the society are now viewed as being interdependent. However, there is also an increasing recognition of cultural diversity thus resulting in varying concepts related to rights in regard to a new universalism. For example, the establishment of the internationally recognized criminal tribunals in countries such as the Netherlands or Tanzania, reflect on a consensus for international responsibility, and also accountability in regard to serious crimes that are against humanity. In essence, this paper explores the historical-cultural context related to universality of human rights. (Hey 2000, p.19). Universality is an important characteristic related to human rights and by definition, human rights denotes the rights available to every human being and hence, considered universal. Each human being is considered a holder of human rights that are independent of their origin, their daily activities, where they reside and their citizenship or community. Universality in regard to human rights is often influenced by other factors associated with human rights, and human rights are categorical, egalitarian and indivisible (Onuma 2001, p.33). In essence, a review of universalism and relativism reveals a build-up of two different terminologies, however; the counterpart of the former term is particularism and for the latter term is absolutism. The main reason for the misconception revolves around an assumption identifying universalism as being only legitimate through absolute justification. As a result, a relative means of legitimization can establish only a justification considered relative. The result in this sense related to the proponents advocating for human rights tends to establish an absolute justification in terms of the set human rights. This assumption is influenced by the view that relative justification is not appropriate to establish universality related to human rights (Onuma 2001, p.42). On the other hand, it could be argued that this two terms lack direct association, which creates consequences in regarding to developing an understanding of the universality related to human rights, and also attempt to esta blish a justification. Human rights often struggles as a result of particular interests among states that place priority for sovereignty over universality related to human rights. In addition, the private sector also impacts on human rights as a result of focusing on self-regulating approaches and capitalizes to establish their influence relative to certain limits. Further, this challenge forms part of

The Morality of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Morality of Law - Essay Example erstood that possessing and consuming drugs is an offence if caught and being a police officer, it becomes a responsibility of promote law and regulations. In this case professional discretion should be applied as possessing and consuming drugs is an offence affecting the society in a wrong and bad manner and up to some extent questioning conscience of an individual responsible to the society. Being a responsible citizen and friend, it becomes important to stop illegal activities along with making people understand on its consequences. Moral realism does not allow to being a spectator for activities affecting individuals and later, the society. In that position, it is important to communicate with the actual friend along with asking him to pull a break on these activities. It would have been followed by a warning as illegal and immoral activities need to be stopped. Anyone offering a gift with a good intention is usually well accepted in the society irrespective of personal and professional spheres but offering something not in front of others raises questions over the intention and behavior of the giver raising moral issue. In this case, it cannot be considered as a mere gift. In this case professional discretion is required as the officers are not supposed to accept gifts and kinds from the society. It becomes important to appreciate the kindness along with stating the inappropriate manner of giving the gift. The police officers are civil servants responsible for promoting law and order rather than manipulating it for personal benefits and interests. If the gift would have been offered in front of everyone with a personal touch, it would have been considered as a gift but behind the back of others, it can be considered as a bribe, an intention to highlight one’s personal kindness. Being a homosexual is not a crime and immoral behaviour. The moral issue is not with police department but with the officer Davis, whose behavior and conscience is not allowing