Brunhilde The Frankish Queen of Austrasia

Not to be confused with the figure in Germanic and Icelandic mythology, also called Brunhilda, a warrior and valkyrie deceived by her lover, though that figure may borrow from the story of the Visigothic princess Brunhilde. As was typical for a womans role in a ruling family, Brunhildes fame and power came primarily because of her connections to male relatives. That doesnt mean she didnt serve an active role, including likely being behind murder. The Merovingians ruled Gaul or France -- including some areas now outside France — from the 5th century into the 8th century.  The Merovingians replaced the declining Roman powers in the area. Sources for the story of Brunhilde include History of the Franks  by Gregory of Tours and Bedes Ecclesiastic History of the English People. Also known as:  Brunhilda, Brunhild, Brunehilde, Brunechild, Brunehaut. Family Connections Father: Athanagild, Visigoth kingMother: GoiswinthaHusband: King Sigebert, Frankish king of Austrasia*Sister: Galswintha, who married Brunhildes husbands half-brother, Chilperic of Neustria*Son: Childebert II - Brunhilde served as his regentDaughter: IngundSecond husband: Merovech, son of Chilperic of Neustria and of Audovera (marriage nullified)Grandsons: Theodoric II, Theodebert IIGreatgrandson: Sigebert II Biography Brunhilde was likely born in Toledo, the main city of the Visigoths, in 545.  She was raised as an Arian Christian. Brunhilde married King Sigebert of Austrasia in 567, after which her sister Galswintha married Sigeberts half-brother, Chilperic, king of the neighboring kingdom of Neustria. Brunhilde converted to Roman Christianity upon her marriage.  Sigebert, Chilperic, and their two brothers had divided the four kingdoms of France among them — the same kingdoms their father, Chlothar I, son of Clovis I, had united. Brunhildes First Murder Scheme When Chilperics mistress, Fredegunde, engineered Galswinthas murder, and then married Chilperic, forty years of war began, reputedly at the urging of Brunhilde, anxious for revenge.  Another of the brothers, Guntram, mediated at the beginning of the dispute, awarding Galswinthas dower lands to Brunhilde. The Bishop of Paris presided over the negotiations of a peace treaty, but it didnt last long.  Chilperic invaded Sigeberts territory, but Sigebert repelled this effort and instead took over Chilperics lands. Spreading Reach and Asserting Power In 575, Fredegunde had Sigebert assassinated and Chilperic claimed Sigeberts kingdom. Brunhilde was put into prison. Then Chilperics son Merovech  by his first wife, Audovera, married Brunhilde. But their relationship was too close for church law, and Chilperic acted, capturing Merovich and forcing him to become a priest.  Merovech later had himself killed by a servant. Brunhilde asserted the claim of her son, Childebert II, and her own claim as regent. The nobles refused to support her as regent, instead supporting Sigeberts brother, Guntram, king of Burgundy and Orleans. Brunhilde left for Burgundy while her son Childebert stayed in Austrasia. In 592, Childebert inherited Burgundy when Guntram died. But Childebert then died in 595, and Brunhilde supported her grandsons Theodoric II and Theodebert II who inherited both Austrasia and Burgundy. Brunhilde continued the war with Fredegund, ruling as regent for her son, Chlotar II, after the death of Chilperic under mysterious circumstances. In 597, Fredegund died, shortly after Chlotar was able to win a victory and regain Austrasia. Scheming and Execution In 612, Brunhilde arranged for her grandson Theodoric to murder his brother Theodebert, and the next year Theodoric died, too. Brunhilde then took up the cause of her great-grandson, Sigebert II, but the nobility refused to recognize him and instead threw their support to Chlotar II. In 613, Chlotar executed Brunhilde and her great-grandson Sigebert. Brunhilde, almost 80 years old, was dragged to death by a wild horse. *Austrasia: todays northeastern France and western Germany**Neustria: todays northern France Sources Bede. Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Penguin Classics, Revised edition, Penguin Classics, May 1, 1991. Of Tours, Gregory. History of the Franks. First edition, Penguin Books, 1974.

Harp Seal Facts (Pagophilus groenlandicus)

The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as the saddleback seal, is a true seal best known for its adorable furry white pups. It gets its common name from the markings resembling a wishbone, harp, or saddle that develop on its back in adulthood. The seals scientific name means ice-lover from Greenland. Fast Facts: Harp Seal Scientific Name: Pagophilus  groenlandicusCommon Name: Saddleback sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5.9-6.2 feetWeight: 260-298 poundsLife Span: 30 yearsDiet: CarnivorousHabitat: North Atlantic and Greenland SeaPopulation: 4,500,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description All seal pups are born with a yellow coat, which whitens until its first molt. Juveniles and most females have a silver-to-gray coat with black spots. Adult males and some females develop a darker head and a dorsal harp or saddle marking. Females weigh around 260 lb and are up to 5.9 ft in length. Males are larger, weighing an average of 298 lb and reaching a length of 6.2 ft. The male harp seal has a harp pattern on its back. Jurgen Christine Sohns / Getty Images Blubber insulates the seals body, while flippers act as heat exchangers to warm or cool the seal. Harp seals have large eyes, each with a tapetum lucidum to aid vision in dim light. Females identify pups by scent, but seals close their nostrils underwater. Seal whiskers, or vibrissae, are highly sensitive to vibration. They give the animal a sense of touch on land and the ability to detect movement underwater. Habitat and Distribution Harp seals live in the North Atlantic and Greenland Sea. There are three breeding populations, located in the Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, and the Greenland Sea. The groups are not known to interbreed. Harp seal distribution. Jonathan Hornung Diet Like other pinnipeds, harp seals are carnivores. Their diet includes several species of fish, krill, and other invertebrates. The seals display food preferences that appear to be most heavily influenced by prey abundance. Predators and Hunting Juvenile seals are eaten by most terrestrial predators, including foxes, wolves, and polar bears. Adult seals are preyed on by large sharks and killer whales. However, humans are the primary harp seals predators. Historically, these seals were hunted for their meat, omega-3 fatty acid-rich oil, and fur. Today, seal hunting mainly occurs in Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The practice is controversial, as the demand for seal products appears to be decreasing and the killing method (clubbing) is graphic. In Canada, commercial hunting is restricted to November 15 to May 15, with kill quotas in place. Despite restrictions, the harp seal retains commercial importance. Hundreds of thousands of seals are hunted each year. Reproduction and Offspring Each year between February and April, adult harp seals return to breeding grounds in the White Sea, Newfoundland, and the Greenland Sea. The males establish dominance by fighting each other using teeth and flippers. They court females using flipper movements, vocalizations, blowing bubbles, and performing underwater displays. Mating occurs underwater. After a gestation period of about 11.5 months, the mother usually gives birth to a single pup, although twins sometimes occur. Birth takes place on sea ice and is extremely fast, taking as little as 15 seconds. The mother does not hunt while nursing and loses up to 3 kg of mass per day. At birth, the pups coat is stained yellow from amniotic fluid, but it quickly turns pure white. The mother stops nursing and abandons the pup when its time to mate. Birth, weaning, and mating all occur during the same breeding season. Initially, the abandoned pup is immobile. Once it sheds its white coat, it learns to swim and hunt. Seals gather annually on the ice to molt their coat, which involves shedding both fur and blubber. Juveniles molt several times before achieving an adult pelt. Harp seals can live over 30 years. Conservation Status Harp seal are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, and their numbers are increasing. As of 2008, there were at least 4.5 million adult harp seals. This population growth can be explained by the decrease in seal hunting. However, the seal population is still threatened by several factors which could severely impact the species in the near future. Oil spills and water pollution subject the species to heavy chemical contamination and decrease its food supply. Seals get tangled in fishing gear, which leads to drowning. Harp seals are susceptible to distemper, prion infections, and other diseases, which may impact mortality rates. The most significant threat is climate change. Climate change causes a reduction in sea ice, forcing seals to move to new areas. Whether the seals can adapt to such change is unknown. Sources Folkow, L.P. and E.S. Nordà ¸y. Distribution and diving behaviour of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Greenland Sea stock.  Polar Biology.  27: 281–298, 2004.Kovacs, K.M. Pagophilus groenlandicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  2015: e.T41671A45231087 doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41671A45231087.enLavigne, David M. in Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M., eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (2nd ed.). 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington Ma. 01803: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9, 2009.Ronald, K. and J. L. Dougan. The Ice Lover: Biology of the Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica).  Science.  215  (4535): 928–933, 1982.

Is Cancer A Human Body - 3657 Words

Cancer is known to be one of the deadliest disease. It is very hard to cure hence causing numerous deaths to people. As a result, people get hopeless in living a longer life. Although there is seemingly limited ways to cure cancer with effective results, scientists started projects that will promote defence against cancer, which is done by robotics. Believe it or not, it is possible that a robot can go inside a human body. It may sound strange since curing of diseases is done by chemical means such as pills or drugs. But science has proven that this is the job of nanotechnology. Scientists develop robots that could enter human bodies to kill cancer. These robots are called nanobots. Abhilash, M (2010) states that Nanobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers. And it was supported by Harvard Magazine (2012) when it states Nanobots are short hexagonal tubes made of interwoven DNA that can open along their length like a clamshell. Nanobots are said to be under the study of nanorobotics. â€Å"Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines are robots close to nanometer(10^-9 meters)† (Abhilash, 2014). Since nanorobotics is under nanotechnology, it defines nanotechnology as study of very small technology. According to Abeer(2012), Nanotechnology is a field of applied science focused on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices on the nanoscale. The idea of nanobotsShow MoreRelatedCancer And Its Effects On The Human Body1739 Words   |  7 Pages Mole Rats Cancer Immunity Daniel Howard Bio 4920 10/15/15 One of the deadliest diseases known man, cancer, is responsible for every one out of every four deaths in the United States. Worldwide, there are more than 10 million new cancer cases per year, and cancer is the cause of approximately 12% of all deaths (Silvera Rohan, 2007). 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Obesity Causes And Effects - 1090 Words

Causes of Obesity Obesity refers to the condition of having an extra amount of body fat. Obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. When an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too high, they are at a greater risk of being affected with life changing diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, type II diabetes, cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and others. This shows that people should become more physically active and attempt to make healthier choices because their life depends on the decisions, they make. Every day while sitting on the couch eat a burger, and soon many people learn what the obesity hype is all about. Fast food companies are advertising more food for less money with fast service. The media tends to change images for their target customers, to make the food more appealing to those that are watching. Laziness is one of the main causes of obesity in our country. Obesity in the United States is at a high due to the increasing fast food chains, media influence, and a lack of exercise. The idea of having a meal made for them in less than five minutes is somewhat exciting to the view of many individuals.† fast food firms introduced these alternative meals in response to changing consumer tastes†(Buchholz). Many fast food stores offer the customer fast service, and a great tasting meal. They provide their service with a smile and a meal that can cost less than 10 dollars. When people mix poor diet with poorShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Obesity823 Words    |  3 PagesObesity occurs in all countries and it is one of the gravest problems in modern society. Mankinds around the world are concerned about obesity. One of the chief causes is unhealthy diets. Obesity is also due to lack of exercise and lack of education and awareness. 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A Great Law of Human Action Free Essays

Truong Th? H? ng Nhung MSV: 08D170334 *** Managers can find an effective way to delegate work successfully thanks to reading the chapter Tom Sawyer whitewashing the fence in the famous novel of â€Å"Tom Sawyer†, written by Mark Twain because Tom Sawyer discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it – namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to attain. When being assigned to paint the fence, Tom felt â€Å"life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden†. Tom wanted to hire some children walking on the street to do his work but he found that he didn’t have enough money to buy their â€Å"free afternoon†. We will write a custom essay sample on A Great Law of Human Action or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this dark and hopeless moment, a magnificent idea raised in his mind, instead of complaining, he returned to his work with pleasure. Soon came a boy, named Ben Rogers by and laughed at Tom because he could not go swimming instead he had to work. Tom pretended to be so interested in his work, which made Ben curious to try the work. â€Å"It suits Tom Sawyer†, â€Å"I reckon there ain’t one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it the way it’s got to be done†, these sayings urged Ben to ask for whitewashing the fence a bit. Tom surrendered reluctantly his brush to Ben in exchange for an apple core. Gradually, more and more boys came to whitewash the fence with Ben, the duty of Tom was just sitting under a shade tree, managing the activity. In such a short time, the fence put on â€Å"a new shirt† with the pleasure of both Tom and the children. From the story, we can withdraw two useful delegation skill. First, you need to know how to make your task inviting. No one wants to take a task which you are always grumbling about it. Tom would never have invited the children to take his work if he had been always complaining about the boreness of the work. Second, when someone asks to help you with your work, you should pretend to hold back, as Tom did, but do allow them to help you in the end. If so, he will find that it’s not easy to take the job, and so appreciate it more highly. Last, but not least, you need to monitor the one to whom you delegated the job. In the whole, the great law of human action really reflects the fact about all people’s need. People always want to show that they have abilities to fulfill a difficult task which many people are unable to do. How to cite A Great Law of Human Action, Essays

Of expense Essay Example For Students

Of expense Essay Riches are for spending, and spending for honor and good actions. Therefore extraordinary expense must be limited by the worth of the occasion; for voluntary undoing, may be as well for a mans country, as for the kingdom of heaven. But ordinary expense, ought to be limited by a mans estate; and governed with such regard, as it be within his compass; and not subject to deceit and abuse of servants; and ordered to the best show, that the bills may be less than the estimation abroad. Certainly, if a man will keep but of even hand, his ordinary expenses ought to be but to the half of his receipts; and if he think to wax rich, but to the third part. It is no baseness, for the greatest to descend and look into their own estate. Some forbear it, not upon negligence alone, but doubting to bring themselves into melancholy, in respect they shall find it broken. But wounds cannot be cured without searching. He that cannot look into his own estate at all, had need both choose well those whom he employeth, and change them often; for new are more timorous and less subtle. He that can look into his estate but seldom, it behooveth him to turn all to certainties. A man had need, if he be plentiful in some kind of expense, to be as saving again in some other. As if he be plentiful in diet, to be saving in apparel; if he be plentiful in the hall, to be saving in the stable; and the like. For he that is plentiful in expenses of all kinds, will hardly be preserved from decay. In clearing of a mans estate, he may as well hurt himself in being too sudden, as in letting it run on too long. For hasty selling, is commonly as disadvantageable as interest. Besides, he that clears at once will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to his custom: but he that cleareth by degrees, induceth a habit of frugality, and gaineth as well upon his mind, as upon his estate. Certainly, who hath a state to repair, may not despise small things; and commonly it is less dishonorable, to abridge petty charges, than to stoop to petty gettings. A man ought warily to begin charges which once begun will continue; but in matters that return not, he may be more magnificent.

Cinema Of Attraction Past and Present Essay Example For Students

Cinema Of Attraction Past and Present Essay In this essay I will be looking at how cinema used to be an attraction of the time and whether it is still considered an attraction now-a-days. Ill be looking at two articles that relate to this topic, Cinema of Attraction by Tom Gunning and Cinema of Attraction Reloaded by Wanda Strauven. Tom Gunnings Cinema of Attraction follows the idea that cinema becomes more narratively based after 1906/7 and that the idea that Cinema is no longer an attraction. Pre-1906/7 people would normally visit cinemas to see the technology of film rather than go to see a narrative film. Wanda Strauvans Cinema of Attractions Reload looks at the same topics as Tom Gunnings Cinema of Attraction as well as looking at more modern cinema to see if its still an attraction in the eyes of todays audiences. Cinema of Attraction Reloaded also looks at a number of other articles that can relate to the topic of whether cinema is not an attraction of modern times, which include Malte Hageners Programming Attractions and The Hollywood Cobweb: New Laws of Attraction by Dick Tomasovic Before cinemas, audiences would have to visit town halls, cafes or even traveling fairgrounds to see the spectacle of film, many of these early exhibition films didnt follow a narrative but instead allowed the audience to be captivated through the technology and the movement of the picture, Within Cinema of attractions Tom Gunning states that the cinema of attractions directly solicits spectator attention, inciting visual curiosity and supplying pleasure through an exciting spectacle this means that audiences would visit a cinema for the experience of seeing film and new technology rather than seeing it because it was a narrative based film. With the unimportance of narrative film making, showmen who had cinema in their fairground or circus would often re-edit the footage that they had purchased, by doing this, it shows that audience of this time would go to the cinema to see the technology/spectacle of film, showmen would also have offscreen sound effects and even spoken commentary of the film on view adding to the cinema experience. Many of these early films broke the fourth wall by having character look directly at the camera, comedians would give cheeky looks and smile towards the camera, by doing this the audience knows that it is just a film however when narrative based films became increasingly popular, film-makers began to focus on the editing, trying to create a film that was seamless so it would captivate an audience through this method, they also believed that having the character in the film break the fourth wall would ruin the realistic film experience for audiences. After narrative films begin to take over audiences we see that the attraction of cinema starts to fade as people want to see more narrative based films rather then experimental pieces. Post-1906/7 saw film become more narrative based meaning that audiences would no longer visit cinema for the spectacle of the technology but rather for the narratives themselves, this could be seen as the end of cinema of attractions however according to Tom Gunning Cinema of Attractions does not disappear with the dominance of narrative, but rather goes underground, both into certain avant-garde practices and as a component of narrative film, I have to agree with what Gunning has said for the main reason that experimental films are still being made available in cinemas, art galleries and exhibitions that are enjoyed by a selective audience who seeks them out, also as special effects become a part of nearly all films, this can be seen as a new spectacle as it becomes an attraction that brings audiences back to the cinema Cinema of attraction talks about how after 1906/7 cinema begins to focus on narrative based films and the style of editing to attract an audience however I feel this is not the case, in 2009, James Cameron released Avatar which isnt a strong narrative film but instead used 3D technology to become one of the highest grossing films, at the time 3D was the new spectacle that everyone had to see. .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .postImageUrl , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:hover , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:visited , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:active { border:0!important; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:active , .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc83ae8a49dc4b4905e944a8e2a1bf0fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Overview - Collateral EssayWhat also made this spectacle so popular with audiences was the attention it received from the media praising how good the technology was making the public visit cinemas to look at the technology not the narrative of the film, turning cinema back to an attraction. In conclusion I believe that the idea of cinema of attractions did not end with the popularization of narrative based films after 1906/7 but that it is still an important element in todays cinema experience through new special effects and technologies, such as 3D or IMAX films that captivate audiences which draws them into cinemas